I think that these group had a bigger effect on the movement then any one Black Civil Rights Leader. Many leaders came from these Civil Rights Groups. These groups grew from grassroots beginning to address the needs of the people!
1930s to 1970s
The progress of the 1930s was made largely from the Great Depression and dust bowl effect on the economy. White people seem to put their racial hatred of Non- Whites aside to deal with their economic woes. It also seemed in their depressed state they would take help from anyone including Non- Whites to help them!
All Non- White ethnic groups made great progress in the area of equality during the 1930s.
Black Civil Rights Groups of the 1930s to 1970s.
The modern Civil Rights Movement, picks back up with the The Scottsboro Boys Trail in Alabama. This is a trail in 1931 of nine (9) Black teenagers accused of raping two (2) White girls. This trial is the craziest, weirdest, trail of reversals and retrials in American history that lasted a decade! For a crime that NEVER HAPPENED!!!
This is a prime example when racism takes over all your sense, and ultimaily drives people complete mad. This trail of crazy twist and turns outraged the Black community so bad that it initiated a fight for civil rights that lasted forty (40) years!
Many of the early Black Civil Right groups were reborn during this decade to answer the challenge of change and civil Rights for Blacks.
The two (2) biggest groups of the time were Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association {U.N.I.A}, and W.E.B. Dubious Niagara Conference of 1905, later renamed and refunded in 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Color People {N.A.A.C.P.}.
U.N.I.A was built from donations from the Black community! "Their motto was to do for self ". They provided and address all the needs of the Black community with a Africa awareness approach! {this was a long time ago when Blacks were proud to be African and of African ancestry}! They provide schools, business {not just jobs} and health services {The Black Cross}!
N.A.A.C.P. was built from donations from European Jews! Later from the Rockefeller's {Rockefeller Foundation} and Andrew Carnegie {The Carnegie Foundation}. It address only the legal needs of Non- White people! That is rite the N.A.A.C.P. is not a Black only association but all people of color? They defend Asian, Latino and Native- American etc!
*Which is perfectly fine! Many, Blacks think that W.E.B. Dubious only helped with the needs of Blacks only???
*Note*
The two (2) richest men in America, if not the world, funded the Black Movement through the N.A.A.C.P.? Yet at the same time denied Blacks jobs at their business and services {banks & loans}! What was W.E.B. Dubious really doing besides derailing Marcus Garvey movement?
Labor Union
Brotherhood of sleeping car porters 1925
Political Groups
League of Struggles for Negro Rights / The American Negro Labor Congress
They protested the Scottsboro trail in 1931. They also protested against Italy occupation in Ethiopia in 1935, that unfortunately resulting in a slight victory for Italy in keeping part of the country resulting in forming of Somalia. Also against the Jim Crow laws of the south.
The Black Cabinet / Federal Counsel of Negro Affairs in the 1930s
There were forty- five (45) Blacks that worked in different agencies for the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration as advisers. These Blacks made huge gains for Blacks setting up later standouts such as Martin Luther King Jr to Barrack Obama with their policies and outstanding performance. They did such a good job for Franklin D. Roosevelt that he was elected President four (4) times / 16 years! He would been re-elected again if he would have not died while serving in office! Thus calling for change in term limits for the President to two (2) / 8 years.
*Note
When President Barrack Obama took office he said there would be a New Deal for Americans! He was using the phrase coined by President Franklin to let us know there was going to be some social changes in America.
Religious Groups
Father Divine is responsible for the birth of the first Black MEGA CHURCH in 1932 in Harlem New York! His church did provide some needs for Blacks.
*Note**
I will let people do their own research on Father Divine and his Black Mega Church!
Elijah Muhammad founder of the Black Nation of Islam in 1934 in Detroit, Michigan. In 1952, Malcolm X becomes a minster for the Nation, they really begin a strong push in the movement from that point on to present day!
*Note**
I will let people do their own research on Elijah Muhammad and the Black Nation of Islam!
George Washington Carver! {The everything man}
This Brother is so big that he is a whole group to himself!
Not only did he save the country from further ruin from the dust bowl of the 1930s and 40s. He also instead on a lower pay scale for him self only for exchange that Blacks would be given opportunities to receive a education and chance of good employment jobs! Therefore set up many Blacks in key positions because of his work, but also as adviser to Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1940s
1940 to 1945 Not much is done between these years because of the onset of war in Europe and World War II. Mostly all gains by Blacks were in the Military.
Congress of Racial Equality {C.O.R.E} was found in 1941. It was based upon the teachings of Gandhi in India and his non- violent {civil disobedience} protest against the British. Martin Luther King Jr had been a part of C.O.R.E. and went to India in 1959.
Towards the end of C.O.R.E there was a twist of faith sort of for young Blacks, who had become tired of the non- violent tactics of C.O.R.E. Which gave birth to the Black Panther Party Movement.
C.O.R.E big push came 1947 with the Freedom Rides. C.O.R.E had a every strong push in 1960s, first in 1960 & 63 with the aiding of desegregation of Chicago school system. In 1964 with Freedom Summer were they organized Blacks to registrar to vote in Mississippi. In 1966 along with M.L.K and the S.C.L.C in protest Chicago again about housing reform.
*Note
An effort by all Blacks and Black Groups in 1948 President H. Thurman desegregates the military.
1950s
Regional Council of Negro Leadership start in 1951, Meet the needs of the community by teaching Blacks how to be good citizen. The importance's of saving money to stabilize self and community, owning things in your community, voting, paying taxes, neighborhood and property preservation.
Southern Christian Leadership Council found in 1957. Designed to organize Christian clergymen to become more involved with the movement. Also safe houses {churches} for Black leaders to talk {speeches}, meet and inform the public to what was going on. To put it shortly they were involved with everything! There is not nothing they did not have a part in! Mainly, Martin Luther King Jr, was the President of the S.C.L.C.
1960s
Student Non- Violence Coordinating Committee {S.N.C.C.} was formed in 1960. It was organized by college students for college student. S.N.C.C. also received a grant from the S.C.L.C to get started. They begin with sit-ins, stand-ins and even sleep-ins to protest and boycott the mistreatment of Blacks. As new leaders emerge such as Stokley Carmichael {Kwame Ture} for the group they turn more towards Black Power. Which gave way to the Black Panthers Party.
S.N.C.C. was also involved deeply in the movement, as S.C.L.C. They usually worked in tandem.
Black Panther Party founded 1966, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. They were sociopolitical group. The Black Panther motto was "by all mean necessary and Black power and power to the people"! Better know for community help and social programs. Start off as a community patrol group against police brutality and crooked police! The group was disbanded by the F.B.I. Then restarted again as The New Black Panther Party!
*Note***
The key figure behind bring mostly all these group together directly {himself} or indirectly {someone he mentor did it} was Bayard Rustin!!!
The key figure behind slowing, stopping or dismantling these groups was J. Edgar Hoover. He made a life long career of trying to stop Black people from having equal rights in America! From Marcus Garvey to The Black Panthers!
Hoover failed miserably! Because we even have a Black President. He is the one who history has deem unfit! There are now tenure rules of service for F.B.I. Chief, ten (10) years. The Chief of the F.B.I must often report his actions {cases} and his personal life, to congress, and he is closely monitor. If Hoover was alive he would probably be jail he broke more laws and rules then any of the people he had surveyed.
We love everybody that had a part in our equality from the leaders to the voluntaries to all the supports we thank you!
Peace, love and unity!
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